Manufacturing Fixture Design is generally carried out according to the specific requirements of a certain process after the mechanical processing technology process of parts is formulated. In formulating the process, the feasibility of the fixture must be fully considered. When designing the fixture, if necessary, suggestions for modifications to the process can also be made. The quality of manufacturing fixture design should be measured by whether it can stably ensure the machining quality of the workpiece, high production efficiency, low cost, convenient chip removal, safe operation, labor-saving, and easy manufacturing and maintenance.
Ensure the stability and reliability of workpiece positioning during use;
Have sufficient load-bearing or clamping force to guarantee the machining process of the workpiece on the fixture;
Ensure simplicity and quick operation during clamping;
Wear parts must be designed for quick replacement, preferably without the need for other tools under sufficient conditions;
Ensure the reliability of repeat positioning during adjustment or replacement of the fixture;
Avoid complex structures and high costs as much as possible;
Preferably use standard parts as component parts whenever possible.
A good machine tool fixture must meet the following basic requirements:
The key to ensuring the machining accuracy of the workpiece lies primarily in correctly selecting the positioning datum, positioning method, and positioning elements. If necessary, positioning error analysis should be conducted, and attention should be paid to the impact of other fixture components on the machining accuracy to ensure that the fixture can meet the required machining accuracy of the workpiece.
Enhance production efficiency. The complexity of special fixtures should match the production capacity, and various quick and efficient clamping mechanisms should be adopted wherever possible to ensure convenient operation, reduce auxiliary time, and improve production efficiency.
Good technological performance. The structure of specialized fixtures should be as simple and reasonable as possible, making it easy to manufacture, assemble, adjust, inspect, and maintain.
Fixtures with good usability should have sufficient strength and rigidity, and the operation should be simple, labor-saving, and safe. When conditions allow and it is economically viable, mechanized clamping devices such as pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms should be used to reduce the operator's labor intensity. Fixtures should also facilitate chip removal; if necessary, chip removal structures should be set up to prevent chips from affecting the positioning of the workpiece and damaging the tools, as well as to prevent the accumulation of chips from causing extensive heat and deforming the process system.
Good economic performance. Special fixtures should use standard components and standard structures as much as possible, striving for a simple structure and easy manufacturing to reduce manufacturing costs. Therefore, a necessary technical and economic analysis of the manufacturing fixture design plan should be carried out according to the order and production capacity to improve the economic benefits of the fixture in production.
Preparation before designing the manufacturing fixture design includes the following original data:
Design notification, finished part drawings, blank drawings, and process routes, understanding the technical requirements of each process, positioning and clamping schemes, content of the previous process, blank conditions, machines used for machining, tools, inspection gauges, machining allowances, and cutting parameters;
Understand production batch sizes and fixture requirements;
Understand the main technical parameters, performance, specifications, accuracy, and contact dimensions of the machine connection parts with the fixture;
Inventory of standard materials for fixtures.
The accumulation of experience in manufacturing fixture design is very important. Sometimes the design is one thing, but its actual application can be another. Therefore, good manufacturing fixture design is a continuous process of accumulation and summarization.
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